How to Conjugate the Verb Sapere in Italian

â€Å"Sapere† is often one of the first verbs Italian language students learn, because learning how to say â€Å"I don’t know (non lo so) in the midst of lots of fast speech is essential. So, in this article, you can expand your knowledge of this verb with examples and all of its conjugations. Definition of Sapere To knowTo know how toTo be aware ofTo learn Sapere Conjugation Sapere can be a transitive verb, which requires a direct object, and an intransitive verb, which does not. In both forms, it is conjugated with the auxiliary verb avere.The infinito is sapere.The participio passato is saputo.The gerund form is sapendo.The past gerund form is avendo saputo. Indicativo/Indicative Il presente io so noi sappiamo tu sai voi sapete lui, lei, Lei sa Essi, Loro sanno Esempi: Non lo so. I don’t know.Mi sa dire dov’à ¨ la Piazza di Pietra?  Can you let me know where Piazza di Pietra is? Il passato prossimo io ho saputo noi abbiamo saputo tu hai saputo voi avete saputo lui, lei, Lei, ha saputo loro, essi hanno saputo Esempi: E poi ho saputo che mi aveva detto un sacco di bugie! And then I found out that he had told me a ton of lies!Hanno saputo che il museo era chiuso subito dopo aveva iniziato a piovere. They found out the museum was closed right after it started to rain. L’imperfetto io sapevo noi sapevamo tu sapevi voi sapevate lui, lei, Lei sapeva loro, essi sapevano Esempi: Non sapevo cosa dovevo fare! I didn’t know what I should do!Linda sapeva suonare la chitarra quando aveva sette anni, ma ha dimenticato tutto. Linda knew how to play the guitar when she was seven years old, but she has forgotten everything. Il trapassato prossimo io avevo saputo noi avevamo saputo tu avevi saputo voi avevate saputo lui, lei, Lei aveva saputo loro, essi avevano saputo Esempi: Aveva saputo che sarei venutoa a Roma. He had heard that I would be coming to Rome.Mi disse che avevate saputo quello che era successo. She told me that you all heard what had happened. Il passato remoto io seppi noi sapemmo tu sapesti voi sapeste lui, lei, Lei seppe loro, essi seppero Esempi: Non seppi nà ¨ leggere nà ¨ scrivere fino alla maggiore età  . I didn’t know how to read nor how to write till I was 18.Nessuno seppe che ero partito. No one knew that I had left. Il trapassato remoto io ebbi saputo noi avemmo saputo tu avesti saputo voi aveste saputo lui, lei, Lei ebbe saputo loro, essi ebbero saputo This tense is rarely used, so don’t worry too much about mastering it. You’ll find it only in very sophisticated writing. Il futuro semplice io sapr noi sapremo tu saprai voi saprete lui, lei, Lei sapr loro, essi sapranno Esempi: Ti farà ² sapere non appena ne saprà ² di pià ¹. I’ll let you know as soon as I find out more about it.Spero che queste persone sapranno arrivare al ristorante! Noi ci siamo persi. I hope these people will manage to get to the restaurant! We got lost! Il futuro anteriore io avr saputo noi avremo saputo tu avrai saputo voi avrete saputo lui, lei, Lei avr saputo loro, essi avranno saputo Esempi: Deciderà ² quando avrà ² saputo come à ¨ andata tutta la faccenda! I’ll make a decision as soon as I know the matter went.Sicuramente avranno saputo del tuo viaggio per l’Italia! Surely they will have heard about your trip through  Italy! Congiuntivo/Subjunctive Il presente che io sappia che noi sappiamo che tu sappia che voi sappiate che lui, lei, Lei sappia che loro, essi sappiano Esempi: Non credo che tu non sappia la verità  ! I can’t believe that you don’t know the truth.Penso che sappiano suonare gli strumenti, avevano una banda cinque anni fa! I think they know how to play instruments, they had a band five years ago. Il passato io abbia saputo noi abbiamo saputo tu abbia saputo voi abbiate saputo lui, lei, Lei abbia saputo loro, essi abbiano saputo Esempi: Suppongo non abbiano saputo le notizie di oggi. I suppose they hadn’t heard today’s news.Peccato che non abbia saputo che fossimo qua, ieri sera ci avrebbe potuto raggiungere per cena. It’s a shame that he didn’t know we were here, he could have caught up with us for dinner last night. L’imperfetto io sapessi noi sapessimo tu sapessi voi sapeste lui, lei, Lei sapesse loro, essi sapessero Esempi: Non sapevo che pure lui sapesse la verità  ! Che brutta figura! I didn’t know that he also knew the truth! How embarrassing!Scusa! Pensavo che tu sapessi come si usa il metro a Roma, altrimenti te lo avrei detto prima. Sorry! I thought that you knew how one uses the metro in Rome, otherwise, I would have told you about it  first. Il trapassato prossimo io avessi saputo noi avessimo saputo tu avessi saputo voi aveste saputo lui, lei, Lei avesse saputo loro, essi avessero saputo Esempi: Se io avessi saputo cantare, sarei andato su quel palco scenico. If I had known how to sing, I would have gone up on that stage.Se avessimo saputo le notizie di Giulia prima, non le avremmo detto del matrimonio di Roberto! If we had heard Giulia’s news first, we wouldn’t have told her about Roberto’s wedding! Condizionale/Conditional Il presente io saprei noi sapremmo tu sapresti voi sapreste lui, lei, Lei saprebbe te loro, essi saprebbero Esempi: Se solo avessi frequentato le lezioni di piano, adesso saprei come suonarlo! If only I had  been attending piano lessons, I would know how to play it now!Insegnare una lingua? Sembra qualcosa che Rachele saprebbe fare! Teaching a language? It seems like something Rachel would know how to do. Il passato io avrei saputo noi avremmo saputo tu avresti saputo voi avreste saputo lui, lei, Lei avrebbe saputo loro, Loro avrebbero saputo Se avessi detto il segreto a Marco, poi tutto il mondo l’avrebbe saputo! If you had told Marco the secret, then the whole world would have found out about it.Carlotta, scusa, ma sono confusa e Rachele mi ha detto che avresti saputo cosa fare. Carlotta, sorry, but I’m confused and Rachel told me that you would know what to do.

Essay On Gender Differences In Major Selection - 781 Words

Findings of the research give some implications for research on gender difference in major choice. Morgan et al. (2012) demonstrated that neither gender differences in work–family goals nor in academic preparation explain a substantial portion of gender differences while the occupational plans of high school seniors are strong predictors of initial college major selection. It was also found that the association between occupational plans and college major selection is not attributable to work–family orientation or academic preparation. On the other hand, Mann et al. (2012) found that none of the prominent explanations for the persisting gender gap in STEM fields related to mathematics performance and background and general life goals are†¦show more content†¦(2012) organized the literature review with the relevance of the literature which is quite clear. Mann et al. (2012) organized the literature less structured on the explanations for gender segregation but d id well in the organization in the section of representing trends in gender segregation by the order of time. Morgan et al. (2012) identified the key terms ’pipeline model’’ by referring the ‘‘pipeline’’ and the ‘‘pipeline leakage’’ while Mann et al. (2012) did not mention any definition of the key terms such as how they view gender segregation. Moreover, both Morgan et al. (2012) and Mann et al. (2012) justified the study and its approach in order to connect the review with the research. The second point I critique is methodology. Both two papers applied secondary data analysis and used data from national statistics in longitudinal studies. In order to select the data from the data mountain, both of the two studies restrict the samples with the assistance of the research question, which associated with sampling. Secondary data analysis may bring about some ethical issues due to the confidentiality and differen t purpose of research. Besides, Mann et al. (2012) used data from different studies, which tends to cause some issues like the inconsistency of sampling due to different principle in samples selection. Overall Morgan et al. (2012) seemed to do a more persuasive and efficient research than Mann et al. (2012) inShow MoreRelatedThe History of Gender Inequality1124 Words   |  4 PagesGender inequality has been the main focus for many centuries through the use of discrimination and oppression women were exploited. Where women had very little rights of their own or a voice in society but made many sacrifices to achieve equal rights whether it be in employment or other areas of inequality. As men were seen as masculine breadwinners and women as more feminine by looking after the family and raring of children. What is oppression and discrimination There has been a major developmentRead MoreThe Judiciary Of England And Wales1247 Words   |  5 Pages Over the years, judicial diversity has been an issue of concern for Wales and England. Reform initiatives and debates for judicial diversity are critical features of various common law jurisdictions. The country faces gender and ethnicity diversity as the major dimension of inclusiveness in the judicial system. Critics have raised general arguments in rationalising judicial diversity as well as the essence of having judicial appointments and procedures adhering to the requirements of equalRead MoreOrganizational Success Is Increasingly Becoming Dependent On An Organization1627 Words   |  7 Pagesand Rowland, 2011). This essay critically evaluates and discusses organizational approaches to managing equality and diversity. 1.1 Purpose of essay The overall aim of this essay is to critically evaluate organizational approaches to managing equality and diversity. Snape and Redman (2001) stated that even among top and global organizations which are carry out a variety of diversity polices, implementation is more of an issue of talk than of actual practice. This essay discusses some theory aroundRead MoreThe Hr Management : The Job Of Human Resource Management1146 Words   |  5 Pagesstaffs to improve their skill and help the company grow. They are provided with health insurance which include their families also. They also reward their staffs with outstanding performance in other to allow competition. (Chevron, n.d.) 1c. One of the major role of the line manager is making important decisions and how it affect the organizations. The line manager ensures that the employee abide by the rules and regulations guiding the firm. (Cipd, n.d.) T/o; Tesco express; In Tesco express the line managerRead MoreThe Electoral System Is The Single Most Important Institution1360 Words   |  6 Pages352 Essay 2700-3000 The electoral system is the environment in which parties either adapt, coalesce, grow, or die. (Joan Bryce 28) What can be done to make our Parliament a more representative body? Illustrate with reference to the candidate recruitment and selection practices of one current parliamentary party. What is parliament in NZ and what does it consist of? The concept of political representation is misleading. To understand the question at hand we are inclined to ask is what it meansRead MoreGood Will Hunting and Bell Hooks Keeping Close to Home Essay1017 Words   |  5 Pageswill examine the motion picture Good Will Hunting and an essay by an author Bell Hooks entitled Keeping Close to Home: Class and Education. Both of these accounts tell of a struggle that the protagonist character in the story had to deal with. Each of these charters comes from similar backgrounds but one deals with emotional conflict while the other character deals with the problem of economic classification. In either way each of these selections both deal with the struggles of an higher education.Read MoreThe Levels Of Intelligence As A Woman And Man1652 Words   |  7 Pageslevels like men, or is it based on the norms of society imposing gender roles? This essay explores the levels of intelligence in a woman and man. Moreover, I will analyze enculturation fac tors, as well as social determination to ultimately determine if men are smarter than woman. Or if it’s all just a myth. Sex Determination and Differentiations The nature versus nurture debate has been going on for decades; however, when gender inequality of intelligence is approached, innate processes do notRead MorePolitics And Its Effect On Society1474 Words   |  6 Pagesdirectly affect the public domain. Further more, it has no distinction as to who or what gender has to lead. In world politics today, things are a bit different and quite clear on the different role of women and men in relation to their participation and involvement. Gender equality has gained a central place on the global political agenda and it is now widely assumed a positive ideal (Squires, 2007). Furthermore, gender equality is seen as central to the awareness of modernization and economic efficiencyRead MoreBiological Determinism And Why Sociologist Have Mounted Such A Powerful Attack1383 Words   |  6 PagesThis assignment is going to look at the concept of biological determinism and why sociologist have mounted such a powerful attack. Due to time constraints and word count, this essay will focus on gender and race with reference to biological determinism. The term biological determinism it is a theory that looks into a person’s behaviour and also their genetic makeup, it does not take into account any other social factors which surrounds the environment. It argues the fact that the biologicalRead More The Evolution of High Heels Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pagessuggested that the origins of new life and evolution are caused by natural selection over successive generations. It allows differential reproduction of genotypes. There are five principles drawn upon the observation and assumption of evolution, which are reproductive potential, constancy of number, struggle for existence, individual differences and inheritance of traits. According to Darwin’s Theory of Evolution, differences in species are caused by continuous and accumulative small changes over

Mcdonalds Supply Chain Management for Fast Foods- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMcdonalds Supply Chain Management for Fast Foods. Answer: Introduction McDonald according to (Jacobs, Chase Lummus, 2014, p 533-534) has one of the largest supply chains since it serves millions of customers across the world in their outlets. The company is known for the supply of fast foods especially hamburgers to almost 36000 outlets in 119 countries every day. The company uses a horizontal supply chain system which contains involving of suppliers in their activities which creates a win-win situation. The company always comes up with different types of food to add on their menu such as salads and smoothies to maintain its sustainability and customer satisfaction worldwide. To add on that, operations in the restaurant can be operated by affiliates, the corporate itself or franchisee and here is where the companys revenue is generated from. McDonalds supply chain components Plan McDonald can plan so well for the materials that is needed in the processing of foods. The company delegated material management to distribution centers in that one center should be able to plan for materials that will be used by many outlets; this promotes commitment and a reduction in cost (Mangala Lalwani, 2016). The company also has first tier and second tier suppliers. First tier suppliers are those that supply products that are already processed such as chicken to the distribution centers while second tier suppliers are those that transport the goods from the distribution centers to the company as they are ordered. Competencies of McDonald Technology and innovation The company partnered with a company that promoted business related to the internet. eMac digital company helped the company create a good platform for advertising their products as well as communication between the company and the outlets was also enhanced. E-procurement as advised by (Zabeen, Wui Lu, 2016, p 60-80) was also introduced and it helped involve suppliers in the supply chain. People from all restaurants can place orders from suppliers quickly and this has totally cut down the labor costs making McDonald very competent. Relationship with suppliers Macdonald has made sure it has good supplier relationship. It has a system that promotes win-win situation in that both the suppliers and the company can succeed all together. This system has contributed a lot to the companys supply chain. Material management The company delegated material management to the distribution centers and this has been very effective. The distribution centers place orders for materials which when brought there they are transferred to the company for processing. This has promoted commitment by the distribution centers and effective material management. Comments on the competencies of the company Macdonald uses the horizontal supply chain management mainly. The company has been able to maintain a close relationship with its suppliers and sharing of information using new forms of technology. If there is any development of innovation, technology or new product design, the company communicates to everyone that is involved in the supply chain. The effective material management as recommended by (Stadtler, 2015, p 3-28) is done by distribution centers in the company to ensure zero waste has also made it efficient. References Jacobs, F.R., Chase, R.B. and Lummus, R.R., 2014. Operations and supply chain management (pp. 533-535). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Mangan, J., Lalwani, C. and Lalwani, C.L., 2016. Global logistics and supply chain management. John Wiley Sons. Stadtler, H., 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. In Supply chain management and advanced planning (pp. 3-28). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Zabeen, S., Wei, J. and Lu, X., 2016. Development of E-business solutions for fast food restaurants. International Journal of Services and Standards, 11(1), pp.60-80.

Disparity and Discrimination free essay sample

Many different situations occur within the criminal justice system. The situations that will be discussed in this essay are Pseudospeciation, bigotry vs. racism, hegemony, social construction, and disparity vs. discrimination. There will be definition on these terms. After defining the all terms, I will apply these terms to the criminal justice system using examples to illustrate the understanding of the definitions. Pseudospeciation Pseudospeciation begins with the fact that cultural differences cause humans to separate into different social groups, with different language, dress, customs, ect.Erik Erikson was known as the first person to use this term in 1966 explaining the inhumanity of human groups and human subgroups. For example: People with different religions believed their religion was true and others group’s religions were untrue. The criminal justice system law enforcement officers would have to respect a person religion, the way they dress, their custom, and language. There were necessary accommodations which had to be made by law enforcement officers, by separating the different religion groups so a person would not get harm by another person of a different religion group. We will write a custom essay sample on Disparity and Discrimination or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bigotry vs. Racism Bigotry is defined as the state of mind of a bigot. According to Merriam Webster bigotry is a person obstinately or intolerantly devoted to his or her own opinion and prejudices, especially one who regards or treats the member of a group with hatred and intolerance. For example: a person of another race might lock their doors when driving through a neighborhood populated by people of another race. Racism is defined as action, attitude, practices, or beliefs that reflect or support the racial worldview.Racism is a term which is used negatively and is usually associated with race based. The belief of racism is that people are divided into distinct hereditary groups that are innately different in their behavior and abilities. An example of a racism act could be when a young black man is stopped many times while he was driving his car, when he has done nothing wrong. They look inside his car and ask him for license and registration. â€Å"The police stop blacks and Latinos at rates that are much higher than whites.In New York City, where people of color make up about half of the population, 80% of the NYPD stops were of blacks and Latinos. When whites were stopped, only 8% were frisked. When blacks and Latinos are stopped 85% were frisked according to information provided by the NYPD. The same is true most other places as well. In a California study, the ACLU found blacks are three times more likely to be stopped than whites† (Quigley, 2012, Fourteen Examples of Racism in Criminal Justice System). Hegemony Felluga, (2011) â€Å"Hegemony is the processes by which dominant culture maintains its dominant position† (Hegemony). For example, a leader who was able to have control over a group of people might be referred to as hegemony. To keep the populations as a whole form rebelling against leadership hegemony has to have the support from at least one dominate class of people. Disparity vs. Discrimination Disparity in the criminal justice system refers to inequity of arrest and sentencing for certain groups of people. Most of the time it is refers to racial and ethnic disparity while discrimination can be defined as a prejudice.There is a difference in disparity however; the difference does not mean discrimination. For example, A person is arrested for burglary because of the person past crime history, and because this person was close to the scene of the crime. â€Å"To determine if discrimination exists in the criminal justice system or if the differences are a result of disparity one must fully understand the key differences between discrimination and† (Williams, 2009, Justice for All). In the criminal justice system, both discrimination and disparity exists.

Outline and organization of the studying free essay sample

This dissertation on Restorative Justice paradigm in Philemon would be structured into six chapters as thus:i. Chapter one: a general introduction which spotlights the prominent place of the concept Restorative Justice and set the requisite context for articulating the study problem, the purpose of the study, the significance of the study, the delimitation and limitation of the study, the methodology of the study and the definition of operational term in respect to Restorative Justice paradigm in Philemon.ii. Chapter two: will focus on an overview of the History of the Critical Study of Philemon and a critical review of selected literatures focused on the text of Philemon and restorative justice. This review will highlight the methodology employed which is responsible for the interpretive interest and results of some biblical analysis of the text. Consequently, this will be followed by the summary of the concept of Restorative Justice in the New Testament for a general overview. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and organization of the studying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page iii. Chapter three: will pay attention to the authorship, historical background, date and place of writing the epistle. Other issues to be considered are the recipients/audience, purpose/message of the epistle and structure, integrity and genre of the text, special issues in relation to the text. The researcher will attempt to present the reality of Pauls situation and world in the first century C. E through historical, external and internal evidences from the epistle.iv. Chapter four: will center on a Socio-Rhetorical exegesis of the text based on a lexical and syntactical outline of the text as it deals with the first century C.E Christians relationship to the imperial Roman situation.v. Chapter five: will assess the research findings in the light of the typification of the research objects informed by the judicial situation of the Graeco-Roman world. The purpose of this will be to determine the paradigm of restorative justice from the text and to articulate how this can complement the penal code criminal justice system in Northern Nigerian. vi. Chapter six will be the summary and the conclusion of the whole study and some recommendations for further study.ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONSThe paradigm of restorative justice though not stated in the text of Philemon, but conceptual framework of the pursuit of social justice do inform the research. Conceptually, the text of Philemon though in respect of a fugitive slave appears to offer a practically effective model of doing justice. This is in contrast to the well-structured administrative procedures and the high cost of seeking legal action. It is not punitive in its outlook but rather peacemaking. In addition, it attempts to rather than respond to violation of laws it provides symbolic and practical solution to actual harms. Offenders, victims as well as the community where the offence is committed are inclusive in the judicial process. Thus it is important therefore to examine labels like this of the text of Philemon that lays claim to the restorative method of doing justice.ASSUMPTIONSThe expectation of this research is premised upon the fact that the text of Philemon promises a paradigm of doing justice that is constructive and positive than the approach to criminal justice that is retributive or punitive. A paradigm that emphasizes the reparation of harm, restoration and reintegration. The core issue here is that this paradigm might not exhaust the possibly necessary components associated with institutionalized restorative justice system. Nevertheless, it opens up avenue to distinguish within a model diverse approaches and forms in addition to range of reasons to pursue the course of justice that is restorative. It also offers the hope that opportunities will be enhanced for victims, offenders and t heir immediate communities.

How To Improve Your Educational Content Marketing

How To Improve Your Educational Content Marketing For several years, I was an art teacher and a substitute teacher (K-12). Most of what I remember from my teaching days all those years ago are things like keeping the senior guys in my â€Å"easy A† art class (as it turns out, it wasn’t an easy A) from sticking the wooden rulers in the heating unit fan and how using certain epoxies with the seventh graders was always a huge mistake. But being a teacher is a tremendous life skill, if you ever get a chance to experience it. You lose the fear of speaking in front of groups, you learn to be organized and methodical, and you learn how to talk about something in a way that helps others understand it. You also become aware of the different approaches to educational theory- and that’s what we’re going to take a look at. Your educational content marketing, after all, is strongly about teaching people. Knowing a bit about educational theories will improve your content marketing. Let’s take a look at the different ways people learn, and how you can tap into that. How To Improve Your Educational Content Marketing Like A Successful Teacher via @JulieNeidlinger1. Constructivism: Using Our Experiences In constructivism, we use our own experiences to understand what’s going on around us. Those experiences have taught us what is right and wrong, what works and what doesn’t. We form rules and models on which we base future decisions or behavior. With constructivism, every experience is an act of learning. Every experience has meaning. What this means is that there is no particular standard that you can hold a group of people to, because a standard simply cannot encompass the broad experiences and interpretations of those experiences. Constructivism can be challenging if your audience is large and varied, because not all will have had the same experiences, and not all will have interpreted those experiences the same way. A tight niche audience, narrowly focused, will learn the same way more regularly. However, you can tap into constructivism if you can illustrate an experience you had, and interpret the meaning you extracted from it. In this way, you create both a shared experience and understanding of that experience with your reader. Create a shared experience and understanding with your audience. #contentmarketingThis is the classic anecdote approach, telling a story at the start of your content, but with a twist: You also have to provide the meaning of the story according to how you want your audience to understand it. Otherwise, they’ll search for a similar experience they’ve had, attach their own meaning, and you’ve lost them. Apply it to your educational content marketing: Brainstorm how you can create unique and memorable new experiences for your audience with your educational content marketing. Think about using different content types, finding new angles for your stories, and becoming a thought-leader who covers new, oft-ignored topics in your niche. Help your audience understand an experience you had to create a shared understanding. Think about turning those experiences into how-to posts,  and what works/what doesn't stories with big takeaways. 2. Behaviorism: Focusing On Behavior In behaviorism, the sole focus is on the observation and teaching of behavior. For teachers adhering to behaviorism, they are most concerned that their students acquire the preferred behavior. Pavlov, for example, and his dogs. Behaviorism generally uses rewards to produce the preferred behavior, though threats can do the same (albeit with a lower level of actual learning, which we’ll discuss next). In content marketing, the â€Å"threat† of scarcity, for example, can really get people to act. Here's what Pavlov can teach you about educational #contentmarketing.In some sense, you tap into behaviorism with your copy and especially with your call to action (CTA). You’re not too terribly interested if your readers deeply consider the philosophy of â€Å"Buy now!†- you mainly just want to incite the behavior of buying, right now. A focus on teaching a particular behavior is more subtle, and less overt. This isn’t a how-to approach to content marketing, but is more about writing copy that elicits particular behavior. This means getting people to behave based on conditioning. For example: â€Å"Give us your email and we will give you a free download!† 's Resource Library is an example of behaviorism applied to educational content marketing. That is a classic case of rewarding your reader for performing a particular behavior. If the reward is good enough, they’ll trust your future rewards to be worthy of the behavior you ask them to do in order to get them. This sounds a little crass, admittedly. Your readers aren’t dogs that will eat at the ring of a bell. But all of us are influenced by the reward feedback system, whether we care to admit it or not. Your reward might be: Free download Limited/exclusive access Ad-free/pop-up free access No waiting in a queue Discount pricing The trick is to use a stimulus before handing out a reward. Otherwise, you train readers to think that they can get great freebies from you, and the moment you decide to start asking for an email address or payment, they will be shocked. And with good reason: You didn’t enforce that behavior up until that moment. Apply it to your educational content marketing: Use content marketing to incite the behavior you'd like your audience to take. Like Pavlov, you can do this through a rewards system by giving your audience something valuable in exchange for their action. Apply the threat of scarcity to your educational content marketing. This works particularly well when you set up the classic challenge and solution scenario in your content, pinning  something like time or money as the motivator to change a behavior. 3. Brain-Based: Your Brain Wants To Work We all have a brain. Yes, even that driver you encountered this morning on the ride to the office. A brain-based approach to learning accepts that our brains want to work. They want to process information, because that is what they are for. A brain-based learning approach accepts that: We have spatial and rote memory, and they work in different ways. (I covered that here.) Our brain creates patterns, both for learning and also to provide understanding. Emotions are key in creating these patterns. (I covered that here.) Learning uses your whole body and all the senses. Learning happens best when we are challenged, not threatened (though â€Å"threatening† can spur on behavior, which relates to behaviorism.) Our brain works to understand the whole and the part, and can perform several functions at once (though be wary of thinking this is about multitasking, which will hurt your content marketing.) So, understanding all of these things about how our brain is working, a brain-based approach to learning makes the experience immersive. You are looking to add context to your content, in other words, whether through audio, visual, or text. You use examples from multiple angles to illustrate a point. You provide peripheral material to support your content. If the brain wants to work, you’re happy to give it something to do. It’s like thinking of the brain as a pincushion, with all of the different pins at an angle trying to find that place in each individual where the brain grabs on and really gets it. Apply it to your educational content marketing: Brain-based content includes audio, visual, and text-based content to help your audience immerse into your story with many different senses. Include many different examples to illustrate your points to help people learn. Provide immediate, short-, and long-term takeaways. 4. Motivation: We Do What We Want The motivational approach is in contrast to the behavioral approach. Instead of thinking that you can get people to do things through the proper rewards-based training, you instead accept that people are really going to do what they are motivated to do. What are your readers already motivated to do? My guess is you have some that are motivated to: Save money Same time Earn money Build a reputation Become better known Get more traffic/followers Become more knowledgeable Connect with others Gain respect of influencers If you know what motivates your readers (and I’m pretty sure you do- you can get a pretty good idea just reading the comments you hear back from them), then you can funnel that motivation into the behavior that you want from them. Educational marketing that connects into motivations is emotional, which makes it powerful.An important part of understanding motivational learning is that you, the content marketer, must show how what you have to say applies. Remember, motivational learning is not coercion; it is not rewarding behavior, waving a carrot in front of your reader. It relies, instead, on the motivations they already have in them. You have to show them how what you have to say or sell is in tune with that motivation. For example: â€Å"Save money now!† is OK. It certainly is of interest to those who want to save money. But†¦ â€Å"Tired of living paycheck to paycheck? Here’s your way out.† is a bit more specific, and taps into a more specific (and deeper) motivation. Plus, it adds an emotional element to it- you’re not only addressing the desire to get ahead financially, but you’re also addressing a fear (â€Å"What if I don’t have enough money at the end of the month!?†). Connecting emotionally with your audience breaks down barriers and gets to the heart of what really motivates them better than they even realize. They think they just want to save money, but you know it’s deeper than that. If true motivational learning is what you're after (and I’m going to suggest that it isn’t in just a moment), you’ll be doing away with all of your rewards. Your content will be good enough that you can simply ask readers to do the Big Buy-in without dabbling in email addresses and other reward-based training behavior. Most of us, though, aren’t going for pure motivational-based content. We also like to include behavioral training. Rather than go either/or with behavior and motivation, think of using both. Can you get the right behavior if you tap even just a little bit into a motivation they already have? Can you reward that right behavior and combine reward with motivation for an even stronger conversion? Yes, you can. Apply it to your educational content marketing: Research your audience's needs, whether it's a more formal survey or as colloquial as blog post comments. Then connect those needs into what you truly want to say and the action you want your readers to take. Publish content that resonates emotionally with your audience. How can you really strike a chord that will keep them engaged with your content, products, and brand? 5. Social Cognition: We Do What Others Do Social cognition learning theory asserts that we learn based on what everyone around us, and our culture, is doing. In this system, people learn by watching others and seeing how they solved problems, or how they behaved. Hierarchy plays into this, with people who are seen as being in authority or more esteemed as having their behavior carry a greater weight as far as meaning or learning potential (which explains the sorry state of influence of reality television from which many have learned from). Apply  social cognition to your #contentmarketing to help your audience learn how others solve...Social cognition also taps into constructivism a bit, the first theory we talked about, in that how we interpret experiences is also heavily influenced by our culture. In North Dakota, for example, if you have spent an evening with a group of friends, and one of them says â€Å"Well, I s’pose†¦Ã¢â‚¬  that means â€Å"I suppose it’s time I started for home.† If someone says it, they want the party to be over. From another culture, however, that experience would have a different (if any) meaning. Now, you can’t really do much to control your audience’s culture, because they are likely spread across many cultures. You can measure it analytically, somewhat, as far as tracking where they are from, what demographic they are in, and so on. But beyond that, your control over their larger culture is pretty limited. Here’s what you can do, however. You can create a micro-culture in your followers. Think of this as your tribe, the people who spend time on your website and social accounts. You can create a culture there with your own traditions, regular features, jargon, expectations, ethos- you get the idea. You can use social proof to indicate a culture preference. Social proof, as I’ve talked about before, is extremely powerful. It reassures your audience that others have trusted you, your content, your product- surely they can, too. You’ve seen this at work, where one dissenter in your comment section is sometimes convinced to change his mind because of other commenters. Call it peer pressure, call it social proof, the key is that those sheer numbers of people doing one thing (commenting! liking! sharing!) indicate a cultural preference within that micro-culture of your brand’s realm. If 10,000 people have downloaded your ebook, make that part of the CTA. Show the cultural trend. When we’re part of a group, we tend to pick up the thinking cues of the group and adopt them as our own. Sometimes this is not a great thing (such as in brainstorming with your team), but with your readers, it saves you a tremendous amount of work. If you can get the snowball rolling in the right direction, the social cues and nudges will make those who come along to learn later join in much faster than those at the start. It’s the difference of blogging that first week to a year later. As your audience grows, they start to do some of the work for you. How Do You Approach Educational Content Marketing? Some of this sounds a little creepy- â€Å"elicit proper behavior!†- but you really shouldn’t see  it  that way. Learning is more than simply memorizing facts, but covers such a broad range of activity. At the most basic, you’re etching an understanding in someone’s brain, an understanding of information, behavior, and experience. As a content marketer, you want your readers to learn the right information, but you also want them to learn they can trust you and that they can go to you to make a purchase and not regret it.

Write a play. RELIGION Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Write a play. RELIGION - Coursework Example This may be contrary to Jewish states which are run in accordance to Jewish law through special administrative courts. Individuals from Jewish background easily co-exist with others despite their conservative nature towards their beliefs. This shows why currently, the major secular Jewish defense agencies incorporate personnel capable and devoted to handling interfaith affairs. They create opportunities where members of other faith religions are allowed to discuss and dialogue. David: Health care providers focus on giving appropriate care to patients from different religious backgrounds. This calls for nurses to acquire as much knowledge as they can concern various religious beliefs and their cultural practices for the purposes of providing quality healthcare. Common "religions often encountered within health care domains are Baha’ism, Buddhism and Sikhism" (Puchalski and Romer, 2000). However, such religions share a number of similarities and differences. Diversity in religio ns and faith belief systems provides enough challenges within the health care sector. However, health care providers are endowed with "responsibility of showing acceptance of diversity of various belief expressions" (Puchalski and Romer, 2000). Hussein: According to Sikh religion, health and healing are directly related to spirituality since they believe in the intricate relationship between body, spirit and mind. Within the same line of belief, body is believed to serve the purpose of housing the spirit, which ultimately connects people with God. Sikh religion majorly believes in meditation, which forms an integral part of daily livelihood from family and on an individual level (Puchalski and Romer, 2000). Husein: Sikh contains prayers meant specifically for one's healing and peace, which are provided in form of hymns. Prayer is believed to have powers necessary for acquiring courage, hope, acceptance and understanding of deep meaning of illness. According to the religion, God carr ies out his will on sicknesses either through prayer or traditional medicine. Some believers prefer to accept God’s will rather than follow medical prescriptions from physicians. They are at liberty to combine Western medicine with traditional herbs as well as other available therapies. There are extensive teachings on destructive nature of illicit drugs, which according to Sikh, should be avoided by all means since they are believed to interfere with body functions, hence detrimental in the process of pursuing godly life. The religion partly allows issues on birth control since it is viewed as a form of disruption to natural cycle of life from different perspectives. (Puchalski and Romer, 2000). David: A meditation on the scriptures and prayer are considered to be of profound importance, which is done with the assistance of family members. Concepts of prayer and meditation can be performed in an active form by patients or they may be passive in form of hymns (Puchalski and R omer, 2000). All practices surrounding health care should give much attention to the holistic healing of the mind, body and spirit. Spiritual healing helps the process of identifying and appreciating the importance of an empowered life based on true self-worth. Healing experiences assists individuals in living lives that are limitless. Healing in the spirit as mentioned by most religions, demands leaving the concerns of the physical body and embracing the supernatural light. Husein: However, most of these experiences are extensively dealt with in the physical body. It is an important aspect for individuals to long for a recovery from a spiritual perspective. This assists medics in identifying the fact that malfunctioning body organs can be well rectified from the

English composition Writing Skills and Techniques db 1 Essay

English composition Writing Skills and Techniques db 1 - Essay Example This point will also address why police officer consider areas outside major urban areas as safe havens. I will also address the effects of police misconduct to both the police force and the public. Finally, I will address the future of the police force in relation to the ongoing misconduct. In this juncture, I will tackle possible consequences to the police force and relevant reforms that needs to be made in order to create a balanced police force in the United States. The purpose of this essay will depend on the interest of the reader or audience. Firstly, the essay will be an informative essay. This is because it will inform the public and relevant authorities that, police misconduct is rife despite the cover-up measures taken to conceal information. Secondly, the essay will act as a cause an effect essay since it will analyze factors that promote police misconduct and the resultant consequences (Silverman, 2009). Analyzing the cause and effects of the problem will be aimed at finding solution for the

Unconscionable contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unconscionable contract - Essay Example In the case at bar, Amy, who was a college student, was led to believe by the salesman that the home theater system, Alpo Model XL2, costs $3,000, when in truth and in fact, the actual standard cost of the theater system is only $1,000. The price given by the salesman was two times higher than the prevailing standard cash market price of the item bought by the buyer. Hence, the â€Å"rent-to-own† contract signed by Amy is considered unconscionable. Under the law, Amy has the remedy to demand the return of the excess $2,000 since the contract price is unconscionable, excessive and unfair on her part. Here, the salesman acted in bad faith at the time of the signing of the â€Å"rent-to-own† contract. Therefore, in order to cure the damage caused to the buyer, Amy can go to court and have the contract declared as unconscionable and oppressive, since there was a violation on the part of the salesman to fulfill his obligation in good faith in accordance with their contract.

Policy Response to the Mobility Economy

Policy Response to the Mobility Economy The model of transportation as we know it today is poised to make a transformation. This transformation is projected to happen in the next seven to ten years. This transformation will be a complete overhaul of our current understanding of how people and goods transported from one locale to another. The existing model of transportation has become outdated and is extremely inefficient. What we currently term as transportation is evolving into what will be known as mobility. The concept of mobility brings with it a whole new concept of how people and goods are going to moved more efficiently. Sustainability will be the major benefit of this shift in the way we view this model of mobility. This new model shaped by user demand and public policy is responsive to the user. The way policymakers are responding to this new model of mobility is the focus of this paper. Policy Strategies that Create tax incentives to consumers that in effect help manufacturers get their products to market. There is cutting edge technology that is essential for the transformation. How policymakers are responding to the challenges that this technology will bring is also another focus of this paper. Another element that will be crucial for this mobility concept to develop will be the infrastructure needed for a totally connected system of integrated, intelligent transportation systems. How policy makers make the essential infrastructure upgrades will be dependent on funding. What are the possible sources of this funding? Our current transportation model references only the mode of movement. Examples are cars, trucks, commuter trains and buses. The actual act of movement of transporting people or goods from one place to another. The current transportation model is inefficiencient. Inefficiencies include longer commuting times due to traffic congestion and parking difficulties. Public transportation inadequacies. Use difficulties for non-motorized transportation options. The inefficient use and loss of public space. Extremely high maintenance costs. Huge environmental impacts i.e. poor air quality and noise pollution, non-renewable energy consumption. Accidents and safety, heavy land use consumption, problematic logistics for urban freight distribution. Briefly. If looked at from a purely economic standpoint, in 2013 traffic congestion cost Americans $124 billion in direct and indirect losses, this number will rise to $186 billion in 2030. (Robert Mendelsohn, 2007) Poor air quality initially regulated by the Clean Air Act is still causing substantial damage here in the United States. Specifically, ammonia and the five criteria pollutants fine and coarse particulates, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and volatile organic compounds. These contaminants come from the use of fossil fuels; these contaminants cause damages that range from $75 $280 billion annually. (Robert Mendelsohn, 2007) Then there is the issue of noise pollution. This contaminant directly affects the quality of life in a community. How will this new concept of mobility reduce or eliminate these negative externalities produced by the current transportation model? Lets start by defining what is meant by mobility. Mobility will be a consumer or a user-centered concept. See Illustration 1. Mobility will be a reference to the connectivity and the accessibility of how we transport. A system of interconnected vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in electric vehicles (PHEVs), battery electric vehicles (BEVs), fuel cell vehicles (FCEVs) or compressed natural gas vehicles (CNG). These vehicles will have technology that will bring new applications of information technology that will facilitate vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to network communications. The network of connectivity will result in a seamless transportation system. Another element of this new concept of mobility will be fuels. What fuel technology preferred over others. Vehicles connected through a yet to be built infrastructure. Infrastructur e refers to the fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city or area, including the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function. In this sense, it means the physical components of the interrelated systems that are providing the commodities and services that are essential to enabling, sustaining or enhancing the standard of societal living. An infrastructure upgrade, in turn, will create opportunities for consumers to choose between the modalities that will emerge as our system of mobility begins to form. Modalities such as car sharing, car-hailing, ride sharing, modern jitneys, vehicle autonomy and bike sharing. (MIT Energy Initiative, 2016) A connected system of transport will eliminate waste. Eliminate congestion and the wasted hours of nonproductivity. When vehicles communicate with one another, there will be an increase in safety and a reduction in car crashes. Autonomous vehicles will eliminate the need for large amounts of land use devoted to pa rking and storage of vehicles. Vehicle to network and vehicle to vehicle communication can monitor traffic conditions real time, and alternate routes can be suggested to the user if road capacity is reached. If a road hazard develops vehicle to network communication will alert the network so the appropriate personnel can be dispatched to rectify the problem. Mobility recognizes that transportation products and services must be responsive to the needs, habits, and preferences of consumers. Consumers will shape how these elements of mobility are deployed. Just as important as consumer choice will be public policy. Â   Â   Figure 1 (MIT Energy Initiative, 2016) On the other side of the model with just as much influence on the elements of new modalities, technology, vehicles, fuels, and infrastructure is public policy. Federal, State and local governments have implemented a wide range of policies in recent decades to reduce transportation-related fuel consumption. Policies that set emissions standards to address air quality. Policies that attempt to manage traffic congestion. Now we need policies that will address the challenges that mobility will create. All these policies, and more fall into three major categories: price-based policy, regulatory policy, and policy promoting research and development. The price-based policy is a market-based instrument that uses the market and price to provide incentives to reduce or eliminate negative externalities. In this case, policies that will continue to incentivize the use of alternative vehicle propulsion units and renewable energies. Regulatory policy instruments also called command-and-control; public policy can mandate the specific performance to be achieved. As in the case of emission standards and CAFÉ standards. Regulatory policy can also be used to command and control the technologies to be used. The policy promoting research and development. There are a number of tools that exist currently to do this. These tools include direct funding of government research facilities, grants to university researchers or private-sector researchers, government contracts for specific projects, and tax incentives. However, each of the categories will require decisions to be made about how to structure the specific program. The Federal government has enacted price-based policies and legislations that promote the U.S. market for electric drive vehicles. A new effort has been proposed to support advanced technology vehicle adoption through improvements to tax credits in current law. The Federal government has made significant investments in research and development and competitive programs to encourage communities to invest in the infrastructure supporting these vehicles. Charging stations, busses, street design, light rail, shared ride ordinances giving preferential treatment to shared ride vehicles. Some of the Federal policies that encourage consumers to purchase electric drive vehicles include The Federal Purchase Incentive. Battery electric vehicles and Hybrid electric vehicles purchased in or after 2010 are eligible for a federal income tax credit of up to $7,500.00. The credit varies based the battery used to power the vehicle. Based on (kwh), this credit will begin to phase out to 50% of the full credit amount once the manufacturer has reached 200,000 plug-in electric vehicles (PHEVs), battery electric vehicles (BEVs) sold. The Fixing Americas Surface Transportation (FAST) Act incentive expired December 31, 2016, but will remain posted until the federal tax filing deadline. reauthorized the tax credit for EV charging supply equipment until 12/31/16. If the charging station is considered personal property, the tax credit is the smaller of 30% of the stations cost or $1k; if the charging station is considered business property, the credit is worth the smaller of 30% of the stations cost or $30k. Here in Michigan, there are state policy initiatives that are promoting the use of alternative fuel vehicles that will accommodate the transition to mobility. The Vehicle Inspection Exemption: alternative fuel vehicles are exempt from emissions inspection requirements. The Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Rebate: Indiana Michigan Power provides rebates of up to $2,500 to residential customers who purchase or lease a new plug-in electric vehicle and install Level 2 electric vehicle supply equipment with a separate meter. Customers must also sign up for the Indiana Michigan Power plug-in electric vehicle time-of-use rate. The rebate is available to the first 250 qualified customers who submit a completed application. Consumers Energy provides qualified customers with a reimbursement of up to $2,500 to cover the purchase, installation, and wiring for qualified Level 2 electric vehicle supply equipment. Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging Rate Reduction: Indiana Michigan Power, Consumers Energy, and DTE Energy offer a special time-of-use rate option to residential customers who own a qualified PEV. Interestingly, the history of battery powered vehicles. In the late 19th and early 20th century, electric vehicles (EVs) rivaled steam- and internal-combustion-powered cars for outright sales. In fact, in the very early 1900s, more EVs were sold in the US than any other vehicle. They were quiet, did not require drivers to toil with a hand-crank, clutch or gearstick, and limited driving ranges mattered little because they were typically used for short journeys in urban areas. With the advent of widespread oil exploration, the introduction of the electric starter motor and Henry Fords mass-production techniques, internal-combustion cars became cheaper to buy and run, more practical too. As a result, electric mobility spent much of the 20th century consigned to history or the golf course. But during the last seven years electric cars have enjoyed a renaissance, as improved battery technology, the need to reduce vehicle emissions and government incentives combine. The Nissan Leaf, Tesla Model S and Renault Zoe have all appeared during this period. Mercedes and Volkswagen were among the manufacturers that announced all-new commitments to the segment at last Septembers Paris Motor Show. Policy makers will be guided by the need to craft policies that are consistent with larger public goals of clean air, reducing congestion, promoting sustainability, improving livability, promoting the use of renewable energy and noise reduction. With these goals as a guiding force mobility can address each of these issues and virtually eliminate some. The path to developing mobility will be local policy that is focused on livability and sustainability. This focus could result in an acceleration of vehicle electrification technology that will be further enforced by National and global emission standards. Budgets are always the chief concern of local and State governments. State and local governments are doing more with less. An idea may be to create a framework for private entrepreneurs to lead the way constructing the infrastructure that will be necessary for the connection of the mobility system. A network of connected vehicles. We can spend billions on new roads, bridges and light rail to move people and goods. Or, we can make a much smaller investment in the communications technology that allows more vehicles to operate intelligently on current streets and highways. Smart cities of the future will be those that embrace and integrate intelligent transportation systems. Driverless cars may be a long way off; vehicle connectivity is not. (King, 2014) (SUMC), S.-U. M. (MARCH 2016). SHARED MOBILITY AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC TRANSIT RESEARCH ANALYSIS. Chicago, IL: Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, The National Academies. ABRAHAM, J. (FEBRUARY 4TH, 2016). CITY OF DETROIT FROM MOTOR CITY TO MOBILITY CITY. Detroit, MI. Adela Spulber, E. P. (August 2016). The Impact of New Mobility Services on the Automotive Industry. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Center For Automotive Research. Artificial Intelligence, Automation, and the Economy. (December 20, 2016). (p. 55). WASHINGTON, D.C: EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT. Barry, B. (2016, Q4). Leading The Charge. International Journal Of The FIA, Auto, pp. 46-51. Bloomberg New Energy Finance. (October 2016). AN INTEGRATED PERSPECTIVE ON THE FUTURE OF MOBILITY. McKinsey Company. Board, T. R. (2015). Between Public and Private Mobility Examining the Rise of Technology-Enabled Transportation Services. Washington D.C.: Committee for Review of Innovative Urban Mobility Services. Daniel Morchain, S. F. (January 2011). Strategising sustainable urban mobility in EU Neighbour Countries. Guerrini, F. (2014). Traffic Congestion Costs Americans $124 Billion A Year. Forbes. ITDP. (August 2015). Harnessing Shared Mobility for Compact, Sustainable Cities. Jeremiah Owyang, C. T. (2013). The Collaborative Economy. Altimeter Group. MIT Energy Initiative. (2016). Mobility of the Future Examining future changes in the transportation sector. Boston: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Peter Viechnicki, A. K. (2015). Smart mobility Reducing congestion and fostering faster, greener, and cheaper transportation options. Deloitte University Press. Robert Mendelsohn, N. Z. (2007). What do the Damages Caused by U.S. Air Pollution Cost? Washington, DC: Resources for the Future. Scott Corwin, J. V. (2014). The future of mobility, How transportation technology and social trends are creating a new business ecosystem. Deloitte University Press. Sharon Feigon, C. M. (June 2016 ). Shared Mobility and the Transformation of Public Transit. Washington D.C.: National Academy of Sciences. VANHULL, L. (2016). Michigan races to stay in the drivers seat on autonomous vehicle legislation. Crains Detroit Business.

The Metamorphosis of Guy Montag Essay -- essays research papers

Ray Bradbury originally wrote his novel, Fahrenheit 451, as an indictment against the censorship evident during the McCarthy era of America, and it has since become one of the few modern science fiction books that can be considered a classic. The adulation of this novel is due to its plethora of symbols, metaphors, and character development. Bradbury’s character development is singularly impressive in this book because he shows the evolution of the main character, Guy Montag, â€Å"from book-burner to living-book† (Johnson 111). His maturity is displayed by his growing understanding of the world in which he lives and by seeing the flaws in his society. Bradbury illustrates Montag’s metamorphosis with him changing from a mindless burning drone to his maturation and acceptance into a society of like-minded booklovers. The first words of Bradbury’s novel state, â€Å"it was a pleasure to burn† (Bradbury 3). These words sum up the beginning character of Montag; he enjoys burning, and his job is to â€Å"answer alarms not to put out fires, but to start them (Moore 103). Guy Montag is a fireman, a man who is trained to spray kerosene on books, and light them in a spectacular show. He has never questioned his job or the reasoning behind burning books. He takes pride in his position, even shines his â€Å"beetle-colored helmet† as he hangs it on its hook (Bradbury 4). With fire Montag â€Å"bring[s] down the tatters and charcoal ruins of history†, and he revels in the power of destruction that fire holds (Bradbury 3). His only view of fire is a product of his job as a fireman; he sees fire as a machine, which simply burns and devours the freedom of the people. In this period of his life, Montag feels comfortable with machine, especially the machines that produce fire. He see s nothing wrong when his wife lip-reads his words instead of listening to him speak. When Montag first meets his young neighbor, Clarisse, he thinks of her in a mechanical mindset (Johnson 111). He sees them walking, as if â€Å"fixed to a sliding walk, letting the motion of the wind and the leaves carry [them] forward† (Bradbury 5). Hence, Montag feels comfortable around the soulless technology of his society; he loves to burn and to destroy, and he cannot think about the morals that surround his job and his culture. Montag is first pushed towards rejecting his society when he meets Clarisse. She is brave enough to questi... ...ll circle in Fahrenheit 451 because he has progressed from his ignorance to becoming one of the few people who are brave enough to defy society by preserving books. The final message Bradbury leaves in the novel is a message of hope. Montag, who carries a piece of the Bible in his mind, returns to the city in hopes of resurrecting it after a bomb had destroyed it. His one desire is to search and perhaps find his wife. In the last few lines he quotes the Book of Revelations: â€Å"[a]nd on either side of the river was there a tree of life, which bore twelve manner of fruits, and yielded her fruit every month; And the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations† (Bradbury 165). This quote assures mankind that they â€Å"must have faith and endure before [they] can enjoy the fruits of victory† (Sisario 107). The lasting moral is that in order to overcome the continual destruction and rebirth of mankind, the human race must use its creative mind and intellect (Sisario 107). Thus, Montag, along with the human race, was burnt to ashes at the beginning of the book, and at the end was reborn with a wholly new outlook on his society and a plan to prevent his consumption by fire hereafter.

Prostitution Is a Problem Caused by Men Essay

Prostitution is a problem caused by men. There arent any prostitutes for women. Its men who create the problem and men who make the laws. We have to admit that this is the reality. Although threr is a Gender equality law which was passed a long time ago (since the 1920s), women still have to suffer unequal treatment in many fields especially in creating the laws and prostitution is one of the most contraversial problems. We all know human beings have a desire for sex, except for sick or impotent people and cloisterers as well as monks. That is a normal physical demand. Sex is also the manifestation of love but in this case, we are just discussing a basic instinct. Men always have a stronger need for sex than women. That does not mean women do not, it is because of their shyness and social morality that keep them from expressing their desires. And men also keep the right to make the laws so that is the reason why prostitutes are for men only. I totally disagree with legalizing prostitution. It draws a guilt free road for men, especially married men. Some men vindicate that prostitutes help them clear out the stress that they get from work and meet their demands completely when their wives can not. But in fact, everything they do is worse. If prostitutes are just for fulfilling sexual needs, it is okay, but in many cases, men are addicted to prostitutes and spend most of their time relaxing with them. They do not care about what their wives think, give lots of money they earn to call-girls and treat their wives and children badly especially when their wives or children discover the bad things they do. And the two most dangerous consequences of prostitution are that men can bring sexually transmitted infections to their wives and many families might or have to cope with the breakdown when the wives can not stand their husbands’ behaviour any more. The other negative side of prostitution is the unequal field. There are just red light districts for men but not for women. Women and men have the same biological needs, so why do they not have their own playplace? Because of morality or the number of women in Congress and also the number of women holding a leadership position in a country is smaller than men? It is common even in the most developed nation – The United States of America. In our history, only two queens have been able to control men and really spread equality all over their nations, they are Cleopatra of Egypt and Wu Zetian of China. I extremely admire them. If there were a person like them existing in this world, humanity’s history could change in another way and I am really sure it would be magical.

Is Rhinocort OTC Different From Prescription Strength

Is Rhinocort OTC Different From Prescription Strength SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Rhinocort is a popular allergy medication, and it’s gone through several changes recently, which may leave you with some questions. Do you need a prescription to get Rhinocort, or is Rhinocort over the counter? Are there differences between prescription Rhinocort and Rhinocort OTC? How do you use Rhinocort? What should you know before taking it? Read on to get answers to all your Rhinocort questions. What Is Rhinocort? Rhinocort (also known as Rhinocort Aqua) is a nasal spray for people who suffer from allergies. The active ingredient in Rhinocort nasal spray is budesonide, which is a corticosteroid that helps prevent the release of chemicals that cause inflammation in the body. Rhinocort can help with both seasonal and year-round allergy symptoms such as a runny/stuffy nose, itchy eyes, sneezing, and a scratchy throat. There are versions of Rhinocort for both adults and children, and they should both provide about 24 hours of relief from allergy symptoms each time they are used. Can You Get Rhinocort Nasal Spray Over the Counter? Fortunately, you don’t need a prescription from your doctor to use Rhinocort; you can now get Rhinocort OTC. Rhinocort nasal spray used to only be available with a prescription, but in 2015 the FDA approved a version of Rhinocort for over-the-counter use. The OTC version of Rhinocort is technically known as Rhinocort Allergy, but it has the same active ingredients and strength as the prescription version of Rhinocort. The FDA tested Rhinocort OTC extensively to make sure it is just as effective as the prescription version was. Now that Rhinocort Allergy is available OTC, brand-name Rhinocort is no longer available with a prescription. However, you can still get generic budesonide nasal spray with a prescription (the generic version isn’t available over-the-counter). Since Rhinocort is now available over-the-counter, it’s also much easier to get it since you can just stop by a nearby store without needing to see a doctor to get a prescription first. However, OTC Rhinocort may now be more expensive now than it was when you needed a prescription, especially if you have good health insurance with low prescription deductibles. A bottle of Rhinocort OTC (with 120 sprays) will usually cost between $15 and $25. So, if your deductible for prescriptions was, say $10, you'll actually be paying more for Rhinocort now that it's over the counter Rhinocort Allergy is the third steroid nasal spray to go from being prescription-only to being available over-the-counter. The other two are Nasacort Allergy and Flonase Allergy Relief. Common Rhinocort Side Effects and Drug Interactions Rhinocort OTC is generally safe to take, but there are some important side effects and drug interactions you should be aware of. Talk to your doctor if you experience any serious side effects or if you’re taking a drug Rhinocort has a history of interacting with. More Common Rhinocort Side Effects Bloody nose Dry or sore throat Fever Cough Difficulty swallowing Tightness in chest In rare cases, Rhinocort can cause a serious allergic reaction. Contact your doctor or 911 immediately if your face/tongue/lips begin to swell or you have trouble breathing or swallowing. Rhinocort Nasal Spray Interactions Below are three of the most common interactions Rhinocort OTC can have with other medications. If you’re taking any of these, talk to your doctor before taking Rhinocort. Corticosteroids: Taking corticosteroids with Rhinocort can cause your corticosteroid medication to become ineffective and/or cause your body to not process the corticosteroid properly. This can cause the corticosteroid to build up to dangerous levels in your body. Dexamethasone: If you are taking dexamethasone (another anti-inflammatory drug) with lopinavir or telaprevir, Rhinocort can cause levels of lopinavir and telaprevir in your body to drop, making the dexamethasone drug not work as well. Radioactive iodide: Rhinocort can interact with radioactive iodide (usually taken for thyroid problems or thyroid cancer) and cause it to be less effective. You should also talk to your doctor before using Rhinocort if you’re pregnant, nursing, have eye problems such as glaucoma or cataracts, have a weakened immune system, and/or have recently had nose surgery or a nose infection. How Should You Take Rhinocort? Below are all the steps you need to take to use Rhinocort nasal spray properly. You can also find most of this information on the side of each Rhinocort OTC bottle. Before using Rhinocort, blow your nose and gently shake the bottle. Then, remove the plastic cap on the bottle, and close one nostril by pressing it with your finger. Tilt your head forward slightly, and insert the tip of the Rhinocort OTC bottle into your open nostril (keep the bottle upright). Push down on the pump once or twice depending on how many sprays of Rhinocort you want. Most people begin with one spray per nostril and increase it to two if they need a higher dose. After spraying, remove the applicator tip from your nostril and tilt your head back for several seconds for the spray to reach the back of your nose. Repeat with your other nostril. After you’re finished using Rhinocort nasal spray, wipe the applicator and replace the cap. Don’t blow your nose for at least 15 minutes after using Rhinocort. Conclusion: Rhinocort OTC Rhinocort is a nasal spray used by people who suffer from seasonal and year-round allergies. It helps reduce inflammation in the body which can prevent symptoms like a runny nose, itchy eyes, and congestion. Is Rhinocort over the counter? You used to only be able to get Rhinocort with a prescription, but in 2015, the FDA changed its regulations so that Rhinocort is now available over the counter. Rhinocort OTC has the same ingredients and effectiveness as the prescription version of Rhinocort. Rhinocort is generally safe to use, but it can have side effects such as a bloody nose, sore throat, and fever. To take Rhinocort, insert the applicator into one nostril, spray it one to two times, and repeat with the other nostril. Don’t blow your nose for at least 15 minutes after using Rhinocort.

To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example

To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example To Kill a Mockingbird Paper To Kill a Mockingbird Paper She has accomplished this by incorporating various language techniques conveying the appropriate tone to the reader. These techniques are short sentences (creating suspense/drama), repetition ( for enforcement), direct speech in dialogue (gives reader a connection to story), distinctive vocabulary (to tell reader about the character and attitudes), contrast of dialogue (to show different attitudes in a tuition), descriptive language (appeals to emotions to present the feeling of the current atmosphere). In this passage, the ideas that she communicates to the reader are the transition of Gem from a boy to a man, the strength and influence of a childs pure innocence shown by Scout, and to reveal the essential goodness in a person that is shrouded by racism and prejudice. The overall scene was portrayed using very descriptive language and short sentences. There are various examples of descriptive language in this scene as it is incorporated through the entire scene. The Macomb Jail was the most venerable and hideous of the countys buildings and no strangers would ever suspect that It was full of naggers shows the views of society at the time suggests that naggers would live in a place that was even worse than the Jail even though the Macomb Jail was described as the most hideous part of the town. Starkly out of place In a town. The Macomb Jail was a miniature Gothic Joke one cell wide and two cells high , there was a smell of stale whisky and pig-pen Eye were sullen looking, sleepy-eye d men , Chunks of descriptive language are Integrated to describe the feeling of the scene and to give the feeling of the atmosphere which Is tense, dark and cold. Short sentences used as well, the dusty cars came In from the Meridian Highway. Nobody got out gives the reader a feeling of great suspense. In this scene, Harper Lee uses a cold though subtle tone. She expresses the Idea of a boy growing Into a man when Gem Is ordered to go home but refuses to. Instead of existing to his father Like a child does, Gem Insists to stay alongside Tactics not petulantly but with maturity. Harper Lee shows this translation using repetition and direct speech. Repetition Is used when Gem refuses to go home. Gem shook his head was used twice when Gem was told to go home and finally he said steadily, I into going. This repetition of refusing to go made the Idea apparent that Gem was aware of Tactics situation and Is afraid of his safety; which exhaled his maturity from Ewing a child. To Kill a Mockingbird By Jennet and hideous of the countys buildings and no strangers would ever suspect that it was described as the most hideous part of the town. Starkly out of place in a sleepy-eyed men , Chunks of descriptive language are integrated to describe the feeling of the scene and to give the feeling of the atmosphere which is tense, dark and cold. Short sentences used as well, the dusty cars came in from the Meridian In this scene, Harper Lee uses a cold though subtle tone. She expresses the idea of a boy growing into a man when Gem is ordered to go home but refuses to. Instead of listening to his father like a child does, Gem insists to stay alongside Tactics not petulantly but with maturity. Harper Lee shows this transition using repetition and direct speech. Repetition is used when Gem refuses to go home. Gem shook his head going. This repetition of refusing to go made the idea apparent that Gem was aware of Tactics situation and is afraid of his safety; which exhibited his maturity from

Realism and Idealism in International Relations Essay

Realism and Idealism in International Relations - Essay Example It was from this source where the cynicism of the idea that th ends justifies the means first saw their origins. The ideas of Modern Realism took root in the ideas of Hans Mogenthau who laid out the principles of Modern Realism. Before proceeding further it is important to underline some of the ideas of Realism in a more fully expanded form. Realism operates under the underlying assumption that the in there is no over riding sense of order and justice governing international states. In other words there is a sense of international anarchy which can only be kept in check by individual states acting in their own self interests to keep control and authority over their own national borders. Sovereign states in these conditions therefore act to strengthen their own relative position in regard to their competitors. In this scenario the problems of conflict arise when states acting in their own interest become powerful and threaten the security of their neighbors. In this shifting balance of power there is a pattern of alliances that occur. Hans Mogenthau in his seminal work Politics among Nations laid out a group of certain principles that he believed outlined the ideas of Realism. He argued that power was the main currency between nations. Political actions of states were therefore governed by this need to acquire power. This was a rational impulse which could be understood in terms of recognizable patterns. The important distinction he made from earlier ideas was that morality was irrelevant. It was not that states were immoral but rather that they were amoral, because in being guided by the pursuit of power relations, morality played little role. Mogenthau's ideas are now often seen in conjunction with the thoughts of another influential thinker in... It was not that states were immoral but rather that they were amoral, because in being guided by the pursuit of power relations, morality played little role. Mogenthau's ideas are now often seen in conjunction with the thoughts of another influential thinker in the field at the time, Rhinehold Niebuhr. Both theorists' ideas grew out of the darker realities witnessed in the aftermath of World War II and the Cold War that followed. Observing the dangers of the escalating scale of nuclear armament throughout the Cold War both thinkers espoused what has come to be seen as Classical Realism where they warned against the dangers of a dual balance of power as was seen between the Soviet Union and the United States. Not all shared the distrust of the the bipolar theory of balance of power. Kenneth Waltz argued for the very bipolar balance of power that the previous two thinkers resisted. Kenneth Waltz focused on the anarchy among satellite states and called for that bipolar framework of power which allowed states to balance their interests in terms of well defined allegiances. Because this theory tended to remove the behavioral aspects out of the framework of the argument it tended to be known as the Neoclassical Realist Approach as it looked at structural determinants rather than strictly focusing on the drive to acquire power as a behavioral expectation of individuals, and by extension states.

Coca-Cola Internal Analysis and SWOT Analysis Essay

Coca-Cola Internal Analysis and SWOT Analysis - Essay Example Naturally this means that the organizations must develop their internal capabilities to the extent that they will be difficult for competitors to imitate or substitute. This paper conducts an internal analysis of the Coca-Cola Company in order to delineate those resources and capabilities from which it derives its strength as well as those competencies that it either lacks or poorly executes and as such are its major weaknesses that competitors could exploit. The paper begins with an evaluation of Coca-Cola’s tangible and intangible resources that lead to its strengths then uses the value-chain analysis to bring out and then analyze the company’s weaknesses. Analysis Resource and competency analysis According to Henry (2011) whereas the existence of resources is important, by themselves they do not confer any benefits to the organization. It is how efficiently these resources are configured that provides the organization with competencies that allow the organization t o achieve competitive advantage. ... company able to blend ingredients into the unique Coke formula X -Ability to continuously come up with new products and/or expand product lines -Managing the world’s largest beverage distribution system (Coca-Cola, 2012) also effective in franchising -Enterprise Value: US$ 173.46 billion (Yahoo! Finance, 2012) -Current Ratio above 1 from 2009 to 2011 (EBIT Financial, 2012). -Return on Equity, Operating margin and Net margins have been double digits since 2007 (EBIT Financial, 2012) Financial - Has the resources for R&D, market development, market expansion and so on. -Company’s efficient in turning its product to cash - Ability to consistently deliver profits reassures investors and other suppliers of financial capital -146,200 employees Human -Also has a strong diversity and inclusion policy that enriches its talent pool - Holds secret formula X Intellectual / technological -Own and market four of the world’s top five nonalcoholic sparkling beverage bran ds: Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Fanta and Sprite. Intangibles -Intelligently exploited the mystery of Coke’s formula X for market positioning -Renown for superior advertising and other market promotion techniques From the table above three key strengths emerge. Firstly, Coca-Cola has a remarkable global presence. This enables the company to leverage its economies of scale to weaken the power of its suppliers as well as its customers. Also, this global presence implies that the company is able to balance its performance in slow economic regions with that from booming economic regions to sustain its profitability. Secondly, the company’s healthy financial position even during the global recession gives it a good credit rating. This means the company can easily raise additional capital for various strategic

Intercultural communication( this is the course I'm studying, not the Assignment - 2

Intercultural communication( this is the course I'm studying, not the topic) - Assignment Example This is why I avoided talking about prohibited food items and drinks as it is uncommon in the country. Hence it is visible that the intercultural context is an important consideration in choosing the subject of any conversation. The cultural setting of the American society along with its diverse population calls for the need to avoid topics such as religion, politics, etc to avoid instigating disagreements. In many cultures, communication is more open and straightforward such as the student’s Dutch relative. In such a case, an American may seem more reserved in initial conversations whereas the Dutch are more casual in their communication. War and peace is a slippery subject matter. Subjects related to war are typically not viewed in a positive light which is evident in the response by the old ladies. Most people view war as an aggressive and violent action, which is why the old ladies responded thus depicting

Ethics In Group Counseling Essay Example for Free

Ethics In Group Counseling Essay Abstract This essay provides information about ethics, as defined and regulated in the practice of counseling or therapy sessions. Furthermore, this essay looks closely at the intricacies of ethical issues in counseling and group therapies and how these compare to the ethical issues in individual therapies. It also touches on the importance of co-leadership in group therapies and the dynamics of the relationship between the leader and the co-leader. This essay also covers in great detail, the reasons why therapists prefer to conduct group therapies over individual therapies and vice versa. Ethics in Group Counseling Ethics – Defined Ethics has various meanings. Many counselors see ethics as a code of conduct or a set of moral values. Some counselors emphasize the legal principles and ramifications of certain behavior during counseling sessions, while others put a high priority on the cultural norms or societal standards brought forth within the counseling practice (Hill, 2004).Code of conduct and set of moral values go hand in hand (Hill, 2004). These are guidelines of the â€Å"do’s and don’ts† in counseling. Just as God has given us guidelines for effective and joyful leading through the ten commandments Exodus 20:1-20 (New International Version) and the examples of Christ in the New Testament, along with the epistles and letters of apostles and disciples like Paul, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, so should the majority of the professional groups or sub-groups such as the counseling industry also have moral codes of conducts, procedures and laws. These behavioral conduct principles are geare d towards counselors for high efficiency and success rates in therapy sessions (Hill, 2004). They help maintain the integrity of the counselor which helps maintain the trust between the therapist and the patient. There are inconsistencies and discrepancies with these moral values or code of conducts (Jennings et al., 2005).Many professionals put precedence over  rules and regulations, just as many Christians can be overly zealous with God’s commands that they miss out in creating and maintaining meaningful relationships. Many counselors can also miss out on the strengths of relationships as they focus on just the foundational moral values they bring into their professions (Jennings et al., 2005) In other words, it is not merely enough to go by the â€Å"codes† in one’s profession. These codes can be too broad. One’s beliefs, interpersonal and intrapersonal skills, justice and sound mind should also be a direct and large part in the ethical behavior of a counselor. Each profession, including the counseling profession must create a balance or equi librium for such rules. Legal principles, on the other hand, are governing standards that are defined to create safety nets around the counselor and around the client. Legal principles not only define the boundaries between the client and the counselor, they also define the legal consequences if such boundaries are neglected or abused (Hill, 2004). Legal principles for psychological counseling include the stringent process of handling complaints from clients. As in any law-governing body or group, complaints must be handled efficiently and efficiencies depend on the protocols and guidelines constituted by specific bodies such as the American Psychological Association or the APA. Legal principles also include the issuance and the renewal of counseling or social work licenses. Each state has a governing body that overlooks the issuance and the renewals of licenses, as well as the insurance procedures including liability claims for counseling professionals Cultural norms or societal standards are highly regulated principles set forth by a certain group within a profession. For instance, the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs regulate the principles and procedures within the counseling profession. The principles set forth are guidance procedures that keep the professionals professional, and the clients protected. Such accrediting bodies or regulatory agencies also set forth educational and professional backgrounds for counselors to adhere to or live by. In other words, counseling groups require their professionals to attain certain amount of education, training and experience to ensure that their professionals are skilled and prepared to counsel clients from various diversities and cultural and emotional backgrounds (Hill, 2004). The counselor’s competence is a priority. The main  issue, when it comes to competence, is the fact that the counselor has built ample set of skills, through education and experience, in order to effectively, successfully and ethically counsel others relationally (Jennings et al., 2005) After all, psychologists are professionals who use most of their time observing human behavior and experiences and interpreting these into progressive theorie s that can benefit others mentally and emotionally in their physical, social and environmental relationships. The professional must know how to deal with people and this includes listening, suggesting, advising and creating plans for individuals. These plans can highly affect the individuals’ self-esteem and progress. Ethical issues in social work group settings are challenging (Gumpert Black, 2006). It’s far more complex than what the general public knows about. One of the ethical standards is that the group leader must have ample amount of experience in different types of group settings; must have a very extensive perspective; and must be equipped to face the obstacles and complexities that rise more commonly in group settings (Gumpert Black, 2006). Therapists must be able to overcome conflicts and tackle crises (Amato, Blase, Paley, 2000). Therefore, the therapist must be skilled in screening potential group members (Amato et al., 2000, p. 12) Conflicts are inevitable in any group setting because individuals are made up of different personalities, educational and socio-economic backgrounds and mental, physical and emotional capabilities. Ethical issues are important because they help the therapists understand their clients and embrace the diversity at hand. Spiritual background should also be considered because ethical issues also take into consideration the spiritual backgrounds, values and beliefs of the individuals. Ethical Issues Unique to Group Settings Some of the ethical issues in professional group counseling include the highly confidential nature of group sessions and the challenges counselors have in refraining members from communicating with each other outside the group settings. As simple as these guidelines sound, it is difficult for the counselor to ensure these principles. After all human beings are relational beings. (Gumpert Black, 2006). We are all inclined to create relationships as we understand ourselves and each other. These relationships have defined boundaries. In group counseling, one of the most important boundaries to  remember is to refrain from sharing private or confidential information gathered in the group outside the group. Additionally, the demand for confidentiality in the counseling profession is one that can be neglected and can inevitably cause detrimental effects not just for the group but for individual as well (Gumpert Black, 2006). With this confidentiality at hand, the trust issues are at stake and one that should be monitored closely and on a regular basis. The consequences of violating the confidentiality clause in any group therapy must be introduced and must constantly be re-visited on a regular basis. It is that important. Communication with other members of the group also propels another problem in ethics amongst counseling professionals. It creates a breach of contract among the group members (Gumpert Black, 2006). Once this breach of contract is violated, the professionalism and the integrity of the counseling group is in a dangerous and delicate stage and one that can keep the group from progressing and the individual members from succeeding in their therapy goals. One of the ethical issues in group counseling is of control, or the lack thereof. According to Haeseler, group therapists have lesser amount of control over what happens in group counseling sessions compared to individual therapy sessions (Amato, Blase, Paley, 2000). Haesler has conducted both group and individual art therapies. She concluded that although group sessions can encourage member interactions, certain members can affect other members in a negative way (Amato et al., 2000). Not only are human beings relational beings, we are also influential beings. We strive to persuade others as much as we strive to encourage one another. In group therapies, this need to influence others can be too strong that it creates a sense of peer pressure. (Amato et al., 2000) Although not all peer pressures are bad (because we can pressure others into doing what is morally correct) it is one that should be highly monitored in the groups. Every member of the group should be comfortable to freely state their feelings, thoughts and ideas and not be pressured or be influenced by other members to do or say what doesn’t come sincerely from our hearts. (Amato et al., 2000) Choosing Group Therapy over Individual Therapy Group therapies are as important as individual therapies. Many therapists  choose to conduct group therapies because in groups, members tend to feel a sense of equality (Banks, 2005) with other members, as opposed to having one authority (the counselor) and one individual (client or subject). Additionally, some people actually thrive better in groups because they like to share with others and may not feel very comfortable with having to talk to just one person. Group therapies can be the better therapy for people who dislike being by themselves. Group therapies also encourage respect for others (Banks, 2005). Since members are required to actively participate in the group, they are also required to respect other members with their opinions; multi-cultural diversities and various personalities. They are required to allow others to share their experiences with the other members. Members who have learned to adapt to listening to others and learning from them can get better results in their emotional and social levels. Group therapies are also preferred by leaders because of the exhilarating aspect of being more vigilant with members (Banks, 2005) when it comes to conflicts or negative outlooks of certain members. Therefore, group leaders have a stronger sense of keeping things more imaginative and livelier. There is nothing complacent and dull with a group because there are always different dynamics that the leader can face from one moment to the next. Group therapies can keep counselors on their toes, watching out for that dominant talker, or the negative influence in the group. They also try to find more ways for the groups to be more exciting and challenging through different exercises. Interpersonal learning also has a natural way of allowing members to reflect on a topic of issue, based on experiences of other members. Reflections can create thought-provoking questions that invite members to work even harder in probing how they feel or how they see things from another member’s background and experience. Group therapies can create the perfect environment for observation on how we can each impact the lives of others. The members of the group can witness right away the effects of good communication and right attitudes and perceptions in real time within real relationships (Vandenberghe, 2009). There are no hypothetical discussions in group therapies. There are always experiential discussions and narratives in groups. This dynamic is ideal for learning by observation. The more opportunities are given to members for observation and feedback; for sharing and relating, the more progress the group can have as a whole. As the group  progresses as a whole, each individual member can also progress in his or her own level and within his or her own sets of goals. Choosing Individual Therapy Over Group Therapy It is important to look at both sides of therapy. Many therapists prefer group therapies over individual therapies, and vice versa. Therapists who embrace individual therapies believe that group therapies reduce the sense of individualism for the patients (Piper, 2007). In other words, the patient is more likely to be influenced by other members of the group, regarding feedback and participation, rather than be encouraged to be themselves. Sharing is an essential part of therapy and some members are just not adapted to sharing how they feel with others. Therefore, the trust level also diminishes. With one on one therapy, the trust level can be gained in each session, and sometimes almost instantaneously. Many therapists also claim that group therapies are more likely to expose the therapists to personal attacks or criticisms (Piper, 2007). In other words, the observations of other members on how the therapist reacts to another member can create different perceptions of favoritism, in clusion or lack thereof, and can lead other members compelled to attack or even rebuke the therapist. This of course, can take the group therapy to another level which can keep other members from progressing. For many therapists, group therapies are more difficult to plan for or to organize (Piper, 2007). There are more challenges to face. These include the logistics of the group sessions: assembling members as well as generating referrals to keep up or maintain the groups (Piper, 2007). The therapist must be diligent in screening his or potential group members; must take into consideration the different personalities of the members and must highly prioritize the goals set forth in each session. These goals must be aligned to the goals that the members have in joining a group. A mismatch in the goals can create a disaster for all members involved, not to mention misunderstandings and conflicts. Conducting group therapies also requires more training and experience that only a few therapists are equipped with. The therapist must possess leadership and group communications skills and ex perience. Supplemental skills of forming, maintaining and ending a group must also be present, as well as working stage skills such as keeping the focus, creating dyads, and  handling negative members should also be taken into consideration (Jacobs, Masson, Harvill, 2009). This is where co-leadership can come into play. Before conducting groups, counselors must be experienced in co-leadership. The experience can give them better ways of handling conflicts and prepare them in communicating with the members as a whole. Finally, it is always difficult to avoid the subject of â€Å"budget† even in counseling therapies. Many therapists prefer individual therapies because group therapies are still not considered as a common treatment (Piper, 2007) and therefore, many healthcare management systems do not consider them as an essential in the overall well-being of the patient. With the reduction of health care benefits by the health care management companies, the acceptance of group therapy as part of a rigorous treatment plan is still in its minimal level and many group therapy claims are continuously being denied (Piper, 2007). Conclusion Being able to counsel others as a group is a rewarding and fulfilling experience. A good group counselor must be experienced in both group and individual counseling therapies, and must know his or her strengths as well as his or her weaknesses. Most importantly, a good group therapy leader must be well-informed about the ethical practices, issues and limitations of his or her profession. Having an extensive education, well-balanced experience and background, self-awareness and broad knowledge of the ethical issues of group counseling, along with passion to make a difference and good and sound wisdom can help a group therapist succeed and therefore make a tremendous difference in people’s lives. References Amato, L., Blase, C., Paley, S. (2000). Ethics. American Journal of Art Therapy, 39, 12. Banks, R. (2005). Solution-Focused Group Therapy. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 16, 17-21. Freeman, S. J., Engels, D. W., Altekruse, M. (2004). Foundations for Ethical Standards and Codes: The Role of Moral Philosophy and Theory in Ethics. Counseling Values, 48, 163-173. Gumpert, J., Black, P. N. (2006). Ethical Issues in Group Work: What are They? How Are They Managed?. Social Work with Groups, 29, 61-74. Hill, A. L. (2004). Ethical Analysis in Counseling: A Case for Narrative Ethics, Moral Visions and Virtue Ethics. Counseling Values, 48, 131-148. Jacobs, E. E., Masson, R. L., Harvill, R. L. (2009). Group Counseling Strategies and Skills (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. Jennings, L., Sovereign, A., Bottorff, N., Mussell, N., Pederson, M., Vye, C. (2005). Nine Ethical Values of Master Therapists. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 27, 32-47. Luke, M., Hackney, H. (2007). Group Coleadership: A Critical Review. Counselor Education Supervision, 46, 280-293. Piper, W. E. (2007). Underutilization of Short-term Group Therapy: Enigmatic or Understandable?. Psychotherapy Research, 18, 127-138. Urofsky, R. I., Engels, D. W. (2003). Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, and Counseling Ethics: Not an Abstraction. Counseling Values, 47, 118. Vandenberghe, L. (2009). A Functional Analytic approach to Group Psychotherapy. Behavioral Analyst Today, 10, 71-82.